BALLS, BIRDIES, AND FRISBEES 2

October 16, 1995

One Minute Papers - Questions and Answers

On one demonstration, you floated a ball in mid air with flow of air. You said that when the ball moves to the side, the pressure difference caused the ball to move back to the center. What I don't get is when the ball moves to the side, the air will be moving faster on the farther side considering the air to be laminar creating lower pressure and thus the ball should move farther out and fall away. Where did my reasoning go off?

In this trick, the airstream is pretty narrow. When the ball is centered in the stream, it flows around all sides of the ball. But when the ball drifts off center, the airstream flows mainly on the side of the ball nearest the airstream. That air still has to flow around the sides and speeds up as it does. The result is that the pressure drops on the side of the ball closest to the airstream and the ball is pushed back toward the airstream.

I am a little confused on how pressure can lower at a smaller hole. I understand that speed and pressure are inversely proportional but aren't volume and pressure inversely proportional as well. I remember you saying that the smaller the volume the more collisions and thus greater pressure--how can you have a smaller volume(smaller hole ) with lower pressure?

If you squeeze air into a small space, its pressure will rise (yes, pressure and volume of stationary air are inversely proportional). But flowing air is a different story. When an airstream passes through a narrow channel, it must speed up and when it does, its pressure drops. That's aerodynamics, not statics.

I am confused about is the idea of adding fuzz--basically more surface area, arent you just creating more drag (viscous drag)--you said that the more surface area the more drag the chalk example is what you used to explain it. also I am positive how more surface area helps against turbulence period--bigger object, more turbulence right? if the air still disperses than isn't still drag influenced? is it better to have more surface as opposed to less velocity?

Adding fuzz does increase viscous drag, which is a problem. But the more important effect is that it reduces pressure drag (a bigger force in most cases). The pressure drag drops so dramatically that the increase in viscous drag is overwhelmed.