Know the difference between heat and temperature.

The kelvin scale uses 0 K as the absolute zero temperature. It is related to the

celsius scale by:

TK = TC + 273

Thermal energy is the sum of the internal potential and kinetic energies of all

the atoms and molecules of a body.

We measure energy in the SI unit of joules. In more common use is calories.

cal = calories

J = joules (remember how much work you can do with a Joule of energy?)

1 cal = 4.186 J

1 calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of

water by 1 ° C.

1 (Food) Calorie = 1000 (heat energy) calories

Calorie (with a capital "C") is the food energy unit.

Specific heat capacity refers to the ability of a substance to store thermal energy. Be able to determine the specific heat of an object using the methods we used for class and the homework.

(Be SURE you can do this….ask for help before the test if you are still confused).

Units for Specific Heat: cal/g ° C

See table on page 300 (don't memorize!!!!)

Know how heat energy is transferred:

Conduction

Convection

Radiation

Be able to explain what is going on at the molecular level. Be able to give specific examples of heat transfer in the real world.

As we go up the temperature scale:

Melting, evaporation (or vaporization).

(**KNOW WHETHER HEAT IS ABSORBED OR GIVEN OFF FOR DIFFERENT PHASE CHANGES)

As we go down the temperature scale:

Condensation, freezing (or solidification).

Some substances skip a phase: sublimation goes from solid to gas like CO².

Latent heat of fusion is the energy required to transform from solid to liquid.

80 cal/g for water.

Latent heat of vaporization is the energy required to transform from liquid to

gas. 540 cal/g for water.

KNOW THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LATENT HEAT OF FUSION AND LATENT HEAT OF VAPORIZATION AND WHEN TO USE THEM!!!!!!! Look in your textbook for a review. Look over your notes on the steam activity (H4.4)

When the phase change goes in the opposite direction, negative values of

energy occur. When water freezes, energy is released.