\batchmode




\documentclass[12pt]{report}
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\def\func#1{\mathop{\rm #1}}

\def\limfunc#1{\mathop{\rm #1}}

\def\dfrac#1#2{{\displaystyle {#1 \over #2}}}

\makeatother
\newenvironment{tex2html_wrap}{}{}
\newwrite\lthtmlwrite
\def\lthtmltypeout#1{{\let\protect\string\immediate\write\lthtmlwrite{#1}}}%
\newbox\sizebox
\begin{document}
\pagestyle{empty}
\setcounter{chapter}{1}
\stepcounter{section}
{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{displaymath}F=\kappa \,{\displaystyle {q_1q_2 \over r^2}} 
\end{displaymath}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\kappa $}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline291: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$%
\kappa =1,\,$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline293: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$q_1$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline295: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$q_2$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline297: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$q_1$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline299: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$q_2$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline301: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{displaymath}\kappa [\mathrm{MKS}]={\displaystyle {1 \over 4\pi \epsilon _0}}=8.988\times 10^9\,\mathrm{nt%
}\cdot \mathrm{m}^2/\mathrm{coul}^2 
\end{displaymath}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$9\times 10^9\,\mathrm{nt}$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline303: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$9\times 10^{14}\,\mathrm{%
dy}$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline305: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$9\times 10^{18}\,\mathrm{dy}$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline307: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$1\,\mathrm{coul}=2.998\times 10^9\,\mathrm{statcoul}$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline309: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$q_1$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline311: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\mathbf{x}_1$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline313: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$%
\mathbf{x}-\mathbf{x}_1$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline315: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{equation}\mathbf{F}_{on\,q}=qq_1\,\frac{\mathbf{x}-\mathbf{x}_1}{|\mathbf{x}-\mathbf{x%
}_1|^3}  \label{Coulomb's law}
\end{equation}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$q_1$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline317: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\mathbf{r=x-x}_1$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline319: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{displaymath}\mathbf{E}(\mathbf{r})=q_{1\,}\frac{\mathbf{r}}{r^3}=-q_1\mathbf{\nabla }%
\frac 1r 
\end{displaymath}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$q_i$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline321: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{displaymath}\mathbf{E(x)=-}\sum_iq_i\mathbf{\nabla }\frac 1{\left| \mathbf{x-x}_i\right|
} 
\end{displaymath}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\rho (\mathbf{x}^{\prime
})=\sum_iq_i\delta (\mathbf{x}^{\prime }-\mathbf{x}_i)$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline323: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{displaymath}\mathbf{E(x)=-}\int \rho (\mathbf{x}^{\prime })\mathbf{\nabla }\frac
1{\left| \mathbf{x-x}^{\prime }\right| }d^3x^{\prime } 
\end{displaymath}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\delta $}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline325: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

\stepcounter{section}
{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$q_i$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline339: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{displaymath}\oint_S\mathbf{E\cdot n\,}\,da=4\pi \sum_iq_i 
\end{displaymath}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\mathbf{n}$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline341: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{displaymath}% latex2html id marker 328
\mathbf{E\cdot n}=q\frac{\cos \theta }{r^2} 
\end{displaymath}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{displaymath}% latex2html id marker 329
\mathbf{E\cdot n\,}da=q\frac{da\,\cos \theta }{r^2}=qd\Omega 
\end{displaymath}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$d\Omega $}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline343: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{displaymath}\oint_S\mathbf{E\cdot n\,}\,da=4\pi \int_V\rho (\mathbf{x)}d^3x
\end{displaymath}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{displaymath}\int_V\mathbf{\nabla \cdot E}\,\,d^3x=\oint_S\mathbf{E\cdot n\,}\,da
\end{displaymath}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{displaymath}\mathbf{\nabla \cdot E}=4\pi \rho 
\end{displaymath}
}

\stepcounter{subsection}
{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{displaymath}4\pi r^2E=4\pi Q
\end{displaymath}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{displaymath}2\pi \rho E=4\pi \lambda 
\end{displaymath}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\lambda $}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline351: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\rho .$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline353: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$%
\sigma $}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline355: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$E=4\pi \sigma $}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline357: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

\stepcounter{section}
{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\mathbf{E}=-\mathbf{\nabla (}1/r)$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline383: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{displaymath}\mathbf{E(x)=-}\sum_iq_i\mathbf{\nabla }\frac 1{\left| \mathbf{x-x}_i\right|
}=\mathbf{-\nabla }\Phi (\mathbf{x)} 
\end{displaymath}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\Phi $}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline385: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{displaymath}\Phi (\mathbf{x)}=\sum_iq_i\frac 1{\left| \mathbf{x-x}_i\right| }=\int \rho (%
\mathbf{x}^{\prime })\frac 1{\left| \mathbf{x-x}^{\prime }\right|
}d^3x^{\prime } 
\end{displaymath}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\Phi $}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline387: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\mathbf{\nabla \times }\left( \mathbf{\nabla }%
\Phi \right) =0$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline389: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{displaymath}\mathbf{\nabla \times E}=0, 
\end{displaymath}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\Phi (\mathbf{x)}$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline391: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\Phi (\infty )=0$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline393: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\Phi (\mathbf{x)}$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline395: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\infty $}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline397: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\mathbf{x}$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline399: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{displaymath}W=-\int_A^Bq\mathbf{E\cdot }d{\/}\mathbf{l}=q\left[ \Phi (B)-\Phi
(A)\right] 
\end{displaymath}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\mathbf{\nabla
\times E}=0,$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline401: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{displaymath}\oint_C\mathbf{E\cdot }d{\/}\mathbf{l}=\int_S\mathbf{\nabla \times E\,}%
da=0 
\end{displaymath}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\mathrm{statvolt=statcoul/cm=erg/statcoul}$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline403: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\mathrm{volt=J/coul}=10^7\mathrm{erg}/(3\cdot 10^9%
\mathrm{statcoul})$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline405: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{displaymath}\mathrm{volt=}\frac{\mathrm{statvolt}}{300} 
\end{displaymath}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{eqnarray*}\mathbf{\nabla \times E} &=&0 \\ 
\mathbf{\nabla \cdot E} &=&4\pi \rho
\end{eqnarray*}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\mathbf{E}=-%
\mathbf{\nabla }\Phi $}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline407: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\Phi $}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline409: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\Phi $}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline411: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{equation}\nabla ^2\Phi =-4\pi \rho  \label{Poisson}
\end{equation}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{equation}\Phi (\mathbf{x)}=\int \rho (\mathbf{x}^{\prime })\frac 1{\left| \mathbf{x-x}%
^{^{\prime }}\right| }d^3x^{\prime }  \label{Sol}
\end{equation}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{displaymath}\nabla ^2\frac 1{\left| \mathbf{x-x}^{\prime }\right| }=-4\pi \delta (%
\mathbf{x-x}^{\prime }\mathbf{),} 
\end{displaymath}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\rho $}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline413: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{displaymath}\nabla ^2\Phi (\mathbf{x)}=\int \rho (\mathbf{x}^{\prime })\nabla ^2\left(
\frac 1{\left| \mathbf{x-x}^{\prime }\right| }\right) d^3x^{^{\prime
}}=-4\pi \int \rho (\mathbf{x}^{\prime })\delta (\mathbf{x-x}^{\prime }%
\mathbf{)}d^3x^{\prime } 
\end{displaymath}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\nabla ^2\Phi (\mathbf{x)=}$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline415: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$-4\pi \rho (\mathbf{x})$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline417: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\mathbf{r}=$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline419: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\mathbf{x-x}^{\prime }$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline421: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{displaymath}\nabla ^2\frac 1r=-4\pi \delta (\mathbf{r)} 
\end{displaymath}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$r\neq 0$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline423: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{displaymath}\nabla ^2\frac 1r=\frac 1{r^2}\frac \partial {\partial r}r^2\frac \partial
{\partial r}\frac 1r=0 
\end{displaymath}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{displaymath}\int \nabla ^2\frac 1rd^3x=\int_S\left( \mathbf{\nabla }\frac 1r\right)
\cdot \mathbf{n\,}da 
\end{displaymath}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$4\pi R^2\left( -1/R^2\right)
=-4\pi $}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline427: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{displaymath}\frac 1{\sqrt{r^2+a^2}} 
\end{displaymath}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$a\rightarrow 0$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline429: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

\stepcounter{section}
{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$q\delta (\mathbf{r)}=q\delta (x)\delta (y)\delta (z)$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline435: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{eqnarray*}\mathbf{E}=q\frac{\mathbf{r}}{r^3} \\ 
\Phi =\frac qr
\end{eqnarray*}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\lambda \delta (\mathbf{\rho })=\lambda \delta
(x)\delta (y)$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline437: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{displaymath}\mathbf{E}=2\lambda \,\frac{\mathbf{\rho }}{\rho ^2}
\end{displaymath}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{displaymath}\Phi =-2\lambda \ln \rho =-\lambda \ln \rho ^2
\end{displaymath}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\sigma \delta (x)$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline439: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{eqnarray*}E_x=2\pi \sigma \mathop{\rm sign}(x) \\ 
\Phi =-2\pi \sigma \left| x\right| 
\end{eqnarray*}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\Phi $}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline441: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\pm x.$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline443: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$-D\delta $}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline445: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$^{^{\prime }}(x)$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline447: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \begin{eqnarray*}E_x=-4\pi D\delta (x) \\ 
\Phi =2\pi D\mathop{\rm sign}(x)
\end{eqnarray*}
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\Phi $}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline449: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$\pm x.$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline451: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}

{\newpage
\clearpage
\samepage \setbox\sizebox=\hbox{$-\Phi /D$}\lthtmltypeout{latex2htmlSize :tex2html_wrap_inline455: \the\ht\sizebox::\the\dp\sizebox.}\box\sizebox
}


\end{document}
