Our group's current research concerns experimental investigations into symmetries of nature,
in particular, elucidating the source of the slight asymmetry between matter and antimatter,
or CP violation. This tiny asymmetry is thought to be responsible for the nearly absolute
asymmetry between matter and antimatter in the universe, indeed why there is any matter at
all in the universe. Although such matter-antimatter asymmetries have been observed in the
decay of neutral kaons and beauty mesons, they are too small to explain the cosmological
asymmetry: new sources are needed. One goal of our research is to search for these new sources,
which will undoubtedly come from physics beyond the standard model.
To quote Bigi and Sanda from their book, CP Violation:
"We are willing to stake our reputation on the prediction
that dedicated and comprehensive studies of CP violation
will reveal the presence of New Physics."
A new idea to explain the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe is called leptogenesis.
Rather than the asymmetry being caused directly by the behavior of particles composed of
quarks, baryons such as the proton and neutron, it is caused by an asymmetry between leptons
and antileptons. The lepton asymmetry is then converted into a baryon asymmetry.
Models explaining neutrino masses and leptogenesis can produce lepton flavor violation,
for example, the conversion of a muon into an electron. These ideas have led our group
to experiments investigation matter-antimatter asymmetries in neutrinos, as well as
the search for lepton flavor violation.
The four experiments that we are currently working on, D-zero, HyperCP, Mu2e, and NOvA,
are all either directly searching for matter-antimatter asymmetries, or are searching
for related phenomena. D-zero is a general purpose experiment designed to search for a
variety of phenomena at the highest energy scales. Our interest in D-zero is the
search for lepton flavor violation. HyperCP was designed to search for exotic
sources of matter-antimatter asymmetries. NOvA will perform a variety of neutrino
measurements, including what could be the first search for matter-antimatter
asymmetries in neutrinos. Finally, Mu2e, which will search for lepton flavor violation
with unprecented sensitivities, will be one of the flagship experiments
of the future Fermilab high-intensity physics program.
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