Development of the concepts, some early applications, the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics, calorimetry.
Thermal Expansion and the Gas Law PDF
Linear and volume expansion coefficients, pressure versus temperature for a gas, the Kelvin scale, the gas law.
Early Attempts to Understand Heat: The Caloric Fluid Theory, and Rumford’s Experiment PDF
The Discovery of Energy Conservation PDF
The Kinetic Theory of Gases PDF
Ideal Gas Thermodynamics: Isotherms, Adiabats, Specific Heats PDF
Kinetic Theory Applets: One Atom Gas, Many Atom Gas, Brownian Motion, Maxwell Distribution.
Spreadsheet for Isotherms and Adiabats
Spreadsheet for van der Waals Equation